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1.
Rev. CEFAC ; 23(4): e14020, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287882

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the correlation between the values of nasal aeration and geometry of the nasal cavities, before and after nasal cleansing in children with mouth breathing. Methods: 20 children aged 4 to 12 years old were chosen. The questionnaire Identification Index of Signs and Symptoms of Oral breathing was applied and nasal patency was assessed by nasal aeration, through the Altmann graded mirror, and the nasal geometry measured by acoustic rhinometry. After nasal cleansing and massage, the same aeration measurements and nasal geometry procedures were performed. Group normality was analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test considering the hypothesis of normal distribution whenever p>0.05. The Spearman's test was applied to analyze the correlation between variables (p<0.05). Results: there was a strong and significant correlation between nasal aeration and the corresponding cross-sectional area of the front of the inferior turbinate (CSA2) in the left cavity before cleansing. There were no correlations between the nasal aeration and other rhinometric variables. Conclusion: there was a correlation between nasal aeration values and the anterior portion of the turbinates, before the massage and nasal cleansing technique, in mouth breathing children. There were no significant differences when the nasal aeration was correlated with other rhinometric variables.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Rhinometry, Acoustic , Mouth Breathing/diagnosis , Nasal Cavity/physiopathology , Mouth Breathing/physiopathology
2.
CoDAS ; 28(6): 770-777, nov.-dez. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-828577

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A avaliação e quantificação das possíveis alterações da cavidade nasal são necessárias para o auxílio diagnóstico e tratamento de crianças que respiram predominantemente pela boca. O modo respiratório oral pode desencadear distúrbios da fala, deformidades da face, mau posicionamento dos dentes, postura corporal inadequada e alterações no sistema respiratório. Objetivo analisar as mudanças ocorridas na geometria das cavidades nasais, antes e depois da limpeza nasal por meio da aeração nasal e da rinometria acústica em crianças com respiração oral. Método Foram selecionadas 20 crianças com idade entre quatro e 12 anos. A coleta foi realizada no Laboratório Multifuncional do Departamento de Fonoaudiologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Foi aplicado o Índice de Identificação dos Sinais e Sintomas da Respiração Oral; marcação da aeração nasal por meio do espelho milimetrado de Altmann e o exame da geometria nasal por Rinometria Acústica. Depois da limpeza e massagem nasal com o soro fisiológico, foram realizados os mesmos procedimentos. Resultados Observaram-se mudanças significantes nas áreas relativas ao fluxo aéreo nasal em ambos os lados, após limpeza e massagem nasais. Quanto à geometria nasal, aferida por meio da rinometria acústica, o efeito da limpeza e massagem nasal mostrou-se discreto, quando feita a comparação entre as narinas. Conclusão As medidas de aeração nasal mostraram sensibilidade à técnica de limpeza e massagem e as medidas da geometria nasal confirmaram seu efeito sobre a fisiologia respiratória.


ABSTRACT The evaluation and quantification of possible changes in the nasal cavity can assist in the diagnostics and treatment in children who breathe predominantly through the mouth. The oral breathing mode can initiate speech disorders, facial deformities, poor positioning of the teeth, improper body posture, and changes in the respiratory system. Purpose To analyze the changes occurred in the nasal cavity geometry, before and after nasal cleansing, through nasal aeration and acoustic rhinometry in children with oral breathing. Methods Twenty children aged four to 12 years were included in the study. The gathering of participants was conducted at the Multifunctional Laboratory of the Speech Pathology Department of the Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. The following procedures were conducted: Identification Index of Signs and Symptoms of Oral Breathing; marking of nasal expiratory airflow using the graded mirror of Altmann, and examination of the Nasal Geometry by Acoustic Rhinometry. The same procedures were performed after nasal massage and cleansing with saline solution. Results Significant change was observed in the areas with respect to the nasal airflow on both sides after nasal cleansing and massage. As for nasal geometry, measured by acoustic rhinometry, comparison between the nostrils showed that the effect of cleansing and massage was discrete. Conclusion Nasal aeration measures showed sensitivity to the cleansing and massage technique and measures of nasal geometry confirmed its effect on respiratory physiology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Rhinometry, Acoustic , Massage/methods , Mouth Breathing/physiopathology , Nasal Cavity/physiopathology , Hygiene , Nasal Cavity/anatomy & histology
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 49(9): e5182, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-788942

ABSTRACT

We used a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to study the inspiratory airflow profiles of patients with anterior nasal cavity stenosis who underwent curative surgery, by comparing pre- and postoperative airflow characteristics. Twenty patients with severe anterior nasal cavity stenosis, including one case of bilateral stenosis, underwent computed tomography (CT) scans for CFD modelling. The pre- and postoperative airflow characteristics of the nasal cavity were simulated and analyzed. The narrowest area of the nasal cavity in all 20 patients was located within the nasal valve area, and the mean cross-sectional area increased from 0.39 cm2 preoperative to 0.78 cm2 postoperative (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the mean airflow velocity in the nasal valve area decreased from 6.19 m/s to 2.88 m/s (P<0.01). Surgical restoration of the nasal symmetry in the bilateral nasal cavity reduced nasal resistance in the narrow sides from 0.24 Pa.s/mL to 0.11 Pa.s/mL (P<0.01). Numerical simulation of the nasal cavity in patients with anterior nasal cavity stenosis revealed structural changes and the resultant patterns of nasal airflow. Surgery achieved balanced bilateral nasal ventilation and decreased nasal resistance in the narrow region of the nasal cavity. The correction of nasal valve stenosis is not only indispensable for reducing nasal resistance, but also the key to obtain satisfactory curative effect.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Nasal Cavity/surgery , Nasal Obstruction/surgery , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Computer Simulation , Constriction, Pathologic/diagnostic imaging , Constriction, Pathologic/physiopathology , Constriction, Pathologic/surgery , Hydrodynamics , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Nasal Cavity/diagnostic imaging , Nasal Cavity/physiopathology , Nasal Obstruction/diagnostic imaging , Nasal Obstruction/physiopathology
4.
CoDAS ; 27(6): 584-587, nov.-dez. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-770515

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a influência da cirurgia de retalho faríngeo para a correção da insuficiência velofaríngea sobre a nasalidade e a nasalância da fala na produção de sons nasais de indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina. Métodos Estudo prospectivo realizado com 159 indivíduos com fissura de palato±lábio reparada, de ambos os gêneros, com idades entre 6 e 57 anos. Todos os participantes apresentavam insuficiência velofaríngea residual com indicação para cirurgia de retalho faríngeo e foram submetidos à avaliação perceptivo-auditiva e nasométrica da fala, antes e após (14 meses, em média) a cirurgia de retalho faríngeo. A hiponasalidade foi classificada perceptivamente em ausente ou presente e a nasalância foi determinada por meio do nasômetro, utilizando amostras de fala com sons predominantemente nasais, a fim de se estimar a hiponasalidade. O valor de 43% foi utilizado como limite inferior de normalidade. A nasalidade e a nasalância foram comparadas antes e após a cirurgia (p<0,05). Resultados: A hiponasalidade perceptiva foi observada em 14% dos indivíduos, enquanto que os valores de nasalância sugestivos de hiponasalidade (<43%) foram obtidos em 25% deles após a cirurgia, havendo correlação entre os métodos utilizados. Conclusão A cirurgia de retalho faríngeo influenciou na produção dos sons nasais, causando hiponasalidade em parcela significativa dos indivíduos. A presença deste sintoma de fala pode ser ainda um indicador de obstrução das vias aéreas superiores provocada pelo retalho faríngeo, que deve ser investigada de forma objetiva e criteriosa no pós-operatório.


ABSTRACT Objective To verify the influence of pharyngeal flap surgery on the management of velopharyngeal insufficiency on nasality and speech nasalance on nasal sound production in individuals with cleft lip and palate. Methods Prospective study in 159 individuals with repaired cleft palate±lip, of both genders, aged 6 to 57 years old. All the participants presented residual velopharyngeal insufficiency and were submitted to pharyngeal flap surgery. Perceptual speech evaluation and nasometric assessment were performed before and after (14 months on average) the pharyngeal flap surgery. Hyponasality was rated as absent or present, and nasalance scores were determined by means of nasometer using nasal stimuli, with a cutoff score of 43% used as the lowest limit of normality. Nasality and nasalance were compared before and after surgery (p<0.05). Results On the basis of correlation between both the methods used, perceptual hyponasality was observed in 14% of the individuals, whereas nasalance scores indicating hyponasality (<43%) were obtained in 25% of the patients after surgery. Conclusion Pharyngeal flap surgery influenced the production of nasal sounds, causing hyponasality in a significant proportion of individuals. The presence of this speech symptom can also be an indicator of upper airway obstruction caused by pharyngeal flap, which should be investigated objectively and prudently postoperatively.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cleft Lip/physiopathology , Cleft Palate/physiopathology , Surgical Flaps/adverse effects , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/physiopathology , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/surgery , Voice Disorders/physiopathology , Nasal Cavity/physiopathology , Nasal Obstruction/etiology , Nasal Obstruction/physiopathology , Prospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Speech Disorders/etiology , Speech Disorders/physiopathology , Treatment Outcome , Voice Quality , Voice Disorders/etiology
5.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 81(2): 212-218, Mar-Apr/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-745805

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: When there is a change in the physiological pattern of nasal breathing, mouth breathing may already be present. The diagnosis of mouth breathing is related to nasal patency. One way to access nasal patency is by acoustic rhinometry. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the effectiveness of acoustic rhinometry for the diagnosis of patients with mouth breathing. METHODS: Electronic databases LILACS, MEDLINE via PubMed and Bireme, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Science Direct, from August to December 2013, were consulted. 11,439 articles were found: 30 from LILACS, 54 from MEDLINE via Bireme, 5558 from MEDLINE via PubMed, 11 from SciELO, 2056 from Web of Science, 1734 from Scopus, 13 from PsycInfo, 1108 from CINAHL, and 875 from Science Direct. Of these, two articles were selected. RESULTS: The heterogeneity in the use of equipment and materials for the assessment of respiratory mode in these studies reveals that there is not yet consensus in the assessment and diagnosis of patients with mouth breathing. CONCLUSION: According to the articles, acoustic rhinometry has been used for almost twenty years, but controlled studies attesting to the efficacy of measuring the geometry of nasal cavities for complementary diagnosis of respiratory mode are warranted. .


INTRODUÇÃO: Quando há alteração no padrão respiratório nasal fisiológico, a respiração oral de suplência já pode estar presente. O diagnóstico da respiração oral vincula-se à permeabilidade nasal. Uma das possibilidades para avaliação da permeabilidade nasal é a rinometria acústica. OBJETIVO: Revisar, de forma sistemática, a eficácia da rinometria acústica no auxílio diagnóstico de pacientes com respiração oral. MÉTODO: Foram consultadas as bases de dados eletrônicas LILACS, MEDLINE via Bireme e via PUBMED, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, CINAHL e Science Direct, de agosto a dezembro de 2013. Foram encontrados 11.439 artigos, sendo 30 da LILACS, 54 da MEDLINE via Bireme, 5.558 da MEDLINE via Pubmed, 11 da Scielo, 2.056 da Web of Science, 1.734 da Scopus, 13 da PyscInfo, 1.108 da CINAHL e 875 Science Direct. Desses, foram selecionados dois artigos. RESULTADOS: A heterogeneidade no uso dos equipamentos e materiais utilizados para a avaliação do modo respiratório nesses estudos mostra que ainda não há um consenso na avaliação e diagnóstico de indivíduos com respiração oral. CONCLUSÃO: De acordo com os artigos, a rinometria acústica é utilizada há quase vinte anos, porém são necessários estudos controlados que atestem a eficácia da mensuração da geometria das cavidades nasais como auxílio diagnóstico do modo respiratório. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Mouth Breathing/diagnosis , Nasal Cavity/physiopathology , Nasal Obstruction/complications , Rhinometry, Acoustic , Mouth Breathing/physiopathology , Nasal Cavity/anatomy & histology , Nasal Obstruction/diagnosis , Respiratory Function Tests/instrumentation , Severity of Illness Index
6.
CoDAS ; 25(5): 451-455, out. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-695099

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the postoperative outcomes of pharyngeal flap surgery (PF) and secondary palatoplasty with intravelar veloplasty (IV) in the velopharyngeal insufficiency management regarding nasalance scores and velopharyngeal area. METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with cleft palate±lips submitted to surgical treatment for velopharyngeal insufficiency, for 14 months on an average, were evaluated: 40 with PF and 38 with IV, of both genders, aged between 6 and 52 years old. Hypernasality was estimated by means of nasalance scores obtained by nasometry with a cutoff score of 27%. The measurement of velopharyngeal orifice area was provided by the pressure-flow technique and velopharyngeal closure was classified as: adequate (0.000-0.049 cm2), adequate/borderline (0.050-0.099 cm2), borderline/inadequate (0.100-0.199 cm2), and inadequate (≥0.200 cm2). RESULTS: Absence of hypernasality was observed in 70% of the cases and adequate velopharyngeal closure was observed in 80% of the cases, in the PF group. In the IV group, absence of hypernasality was observed in 34% and adequate velopharyngeal closure was observed in 50% of the patients. Statistically significant differences were obtained between the two techniques for both evaluations. CONCLUSION: PF was more efficient than the secondary palatoplasty with IV to reduce hypernasality and get adequate velopharyngeal closure. .


OBJETIVO: Investigar os resultados cirúrgicos do retalho faríngeo (RF) e da palatoplastia secundária com veloplastia intravelar (VI) no tratamento de indivíduos com insuficiência velofaríngea (IVF) secundária quanto ao escore de nasalância e à área velofaríngea. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 78 pacientes com fissura de palato±lábio submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico da IVF há 14 meses, em média, sendo 40 com RF e 38 com VI, de ambos os sexos, faixa etária de seis a 52 anos. A hipernasalidade foi estimada a partir da medida de nasalância obtida por meio da nasometria, considerando-se o escore de 27% como limite de normalidade. A medida da área do orifício velofaríngeo foi obtida por meio da técnica fluxo-pressão, sendo o fechamento velofaríngeo classificado em: adequado (0,000-0,049 cm2); adequado/marginal (0,050-0,099 cm2); marginal/inadequado (0,100-0,199 cm2); e inadequado (≥0,200 cm2). RESULTADOS: Ausência de hipernasalidade foi observada em 70%, e fechamento velofaríngeo adequado em 80% dos casos no grupo RF. No grupo VI, ausência de hipernasalidade foi observada em 34% e fechamento velofaríngeo adequado em 50% dos casos. Diferenças estatisticamente significantes foram obtidas entre as duas técnicas cirúrgicas nas duas modalidades de avaliação. CONCLUSÃO: A cirurgia de retalho faríngeo foi mais eficiente do que a palatoplastia secundária com veloplastia intravelar na redução da hipernasalidade e na adequação do fechamento velofaríngeo. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cleft Palate/surgery , Oral Surgical Procedures/methods , Pharynx/surgery , Surgical Flaps , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/surgery , Cleft Palate/physiopathology , Nasal Cavity/physiopathology , Pharynx/physiopathology , Rhinomanometry , Treatment Outcome , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/physiopathology
7.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 79(5): 575-581, Sep-Oct/2013. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-688625

ABSTRACT

O desvio septal (DS) e a hipertrofia de conchas (HC) aumentam a resistência ao fluxo aéreo respiratório, podendo prejudicar a patência nasal. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a geometria nasal de indivíduos com obstrução nasal (ON) por DS e/ou HC usando rinometria acústica. Forma de estudo: Clínico prospectivo. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 30 adultos com queixa de ON e DS+HC (n = 24), DS (n = 5) ou HC (n = 1) ao exame clínico e determinadas as áreas seccionais transversas em três principais deflexões do rinograma (AST1, AST2, AST3), suas distâncias relativamente às narinas (dAST1, dAST2, dAST3) e os volumes dos segmentos 1,0-3,2 cm (V1), 3,3-6,4 cm (V2) e 7,0-12,0 cm (V3), pré e pós-descongestão nasal (DN). Foram consideradas, para análise, as somas de AST e V das cavidades direita e esquerda e a média de dAST. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios (± DP) pré-DN corresponderam a 0,83 ± 0,23 (AST1), 1,66 ± 0,52 (AST2) e 2,36 ± 0,77 (AST3) cm2, 2,19 ± 0,20 (dAST1), 4,01 ± 0,33 (dAST2) e 5,85 ± 0,37 (dAST3) cm, 2,77 ± 0,51 (V1), 6,52 ± 1,99 (V2), 26,00 ± 9,62 (V3) cm3, todos menores (p < 0,05) que valores de referência do laboratório. A DN causou aumentos proporcionalmente maiores neste grupo ON, sugerindo componente funcional associado. A análise individual mostrou 12 casos com resultados normais, apesar da ON. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos pacientes com ON estrutural apresentou resultados sugestivos de comprometimento da patência nasal ao exame rinométrico. .


Nasal septum deviation (SD) and turbinate hypertrophy (TH) increase the resistance to respiratory airflow and may impair nasal patency. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the nasal geometry of individuals with nasal obstruction secondary to SD and/or TH by means of acoustic rhinometry. METHOD: This prospective study included 30 adults with complaints of nasal obstruction (NO) and SD + TH (n = 24), SD (n = 5) or TH (n = 1) seen by clinical examination. The cross-sectional areas of the three main dips of the rhinogram (CSA1, CSA2, CSA3), the distance between them and the nostrils (dCSA1, dCSA2, dCSA3), and the volumes of segments 1.0-3.2 cm (V1), 3.3-6.4 cm (V2), and 7.0-12.0 cm (V3) were measured before and after nasal decongestion (DN). For analysis, right and left cross-sectional areas and volumes were added and mean dCSA was calculated. RESULTS: Mean values (standard deviation) before ND were: 0.83 ± 0.23 (CSA1), 1.66 ± 0.52 (CSA2), and 2.36 ± 0.77 (CSA3) cm2; 2.19 ± 0.20 (dCSA1), 4.01 ± 0.33 (dCSA2), and 5.85 ± 0.37 (dCSA3) cm; 2.77 ± 0.51 (V1), 6.52 ± 1.99 (V2), and 26.00 ± 9.62 (V3) cm3; all values were lower than laboratory reference values (p < 0.05). ND led to proportionally greater increases of sectional areas and volumes in the NO group, suggesting an associated functional component. Individual analysis revealed 12 cases with normal results despite nasal obstruction. CONCLUSION: Most patients with structural nasal obstruction had results suggestive of nasal patency impairment in acoustic rhinometry. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Nasal Cavity/physiopathology , Nasal Obstruction/physiopathology , Imidazoles/administration & dosage , Nasal Decongestants/administration & dosage , Nasal Obstruction/drug therapy , Organ Size , Prospective Studies , Reference Standards , Rhinometry, Acoustic
8.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 78(6): 81-86, nov.-dez. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-660416

ABSTRACT

Rinometria acústica e rinomanometria são importantes técnicas de avaliação da função nasal. Ainda não está definido em que extensão suas variáveis se correlacionam. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as relações entre a resistência nasal (RN) e parâmetros da rinometria acústica em crianças e adolescentes com rinite alérgica e controles. MÉTODO: Vinte pacientes com rinite alérgica e 20 controles foram avaliados. RN, volumes (V4, V5, V2-5) e menores áreas transversais (MC1, MC2) foram mensurados em três momentos: basal, após indução de obstrução nasal e após descongestionante tópico. RESULTADOS: No grupo rinite, a RN se correlacionou significantemente com todos os volumes (V5: r = -0,60) e com MC2. Nos controles, MC1 foi o parâmetro com melhor correlação com a RN no momento basal (r = -0,53) e após descongestionante. Na análise conjunta dos dados, V5 foi o que apresentou as melhores correlações, no momento basal (r = -0,53), quando obstruído (r = -0,58) e após descongestionante (r = -0,46). CONCLUSÕES: Nossos dados demonstram haver correlação negativa e significante entre os valores de rinometria acústica e RN. Em geral, os volumes apresentaram melhor correlação com a RN do que as menores áreas transversais. V5 foi a variável com melhor correlação no grupo com rinite alérgica e na análise conjunta.


Acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry are important tests used to assess nasal function. The degree to which the parameters of these tests are correlated is yet to be established. OBJECTIVE: This paper aimed to study the correlations between nasal resistance (NR) and acoustic rhinometry parameters in children and adolescents with allergic rhinitis and controls. METHOD: Twenty patients with allergic rhinitis and 20 controls were enrolled. NR, volumes (V4, V5, V2-5), and minimal cross-sectional areas (MC1, MC2) were measured in three moments: baseline, after induction of nasal obstruction and after topical decongestant administration. RESULTS: Patients with allergic rhinitis had significant correlation between NR and all volumes (V5: r = -0.60) and with MC2. Among controls, MC1 was the parameter with the strongest correlation with NR at baseline (r = -0.53) and after decongestant administration. In the combined analysis, V5 had the highest correlation coefficients at baseline (r = -0.53), after obstruction (r = -0.58) and after decongestant (r = -0.46). CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that NR and acoustic rhinometry parameters have negative and significant correlations. Nasal volumes are, in general, better correlated than minimal cross-sectional areas. V5 was the parameter with the highest correlation in the rhinitis group and in the combined analysis.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Humans , Airway Resistance/physiology , Nasal Cavity/physiopathology , Nasal Obstruction/physiopathology , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Nasal Decongestants/administration & dosage , Nasal Obstruction/drug therapy , Oxymetazoline/administration & dosage , Rhinomanometry , Rhinometry, Acoustic
9.
J. appl. oral sci ; 19(6): 616-622, Nov.-Dec. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-610876

ABSTRACT

The use of prosthetic devices for correction of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is an alternative treatment for patients with conditions that preclude surgery and for those individuals with a hypofunctional velopharynx (HV) with a poor prognosis for the surgical repair of VPI. Understanding the role and measuring the outcome of prosthetic treatment of velopharyngeal dysfunction requires the use of tools that allow for documenting pre- and post-treatment outcomes. Experimental openings in speech bulbs have been used for simulating VPI in studies documenting changes in aerodynamic, acoustic and kinematics aspects of speech associated with the use of palatal prosthetic devices. The use of nasometry to document changes in speech associated with experimental openings in speech bulbs, however, has not been described in the literature. Objective: This single-subject study investigated nasalance and nasality at the presence of experimental openings drilled through the speech bulb of a patient with HV. Material and Methods: Nasometric recordings of the word "pato" were obtained under 4 velopharyngeal conditions: no-opening (control condition), no speech bulb, speech bulb with a 20 mm² opening, and speech bulb with 30 mm² opening. Five speech-language pathologists performed auditory-perceptual ratings while the subject read an oral passage under all conditions. Results: Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant difference among conditions (p=0.0002), with Scheffé post hoc test indicating difference from the no-opening condition. Conclusion: The changes in nasalance observed after drilling holes of known sizes in a speech bulb suggest that nasometry reflect changes in transfer of sound energy related to different sizes of velopharyngeal opening.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Cleft Palate/rehabilitation , Palatal Obturators , Palate , Speech/physiology , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/rehabilitation , Cleft Palate/physiopathology , Nasal Cavity/physiopathology , Phonetics , Prosthesis Design/methods , Reference Values , Treatment Outcome , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/physiopathology , Voice Quality/physiology
10.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 77(4): 473-480, July-Aug. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-595794

ABSTRACT

Acoustic rhinometry, rhinomanometry and Inspiratory Peak Nasal Flow (IPNF) are used in order to objectively assess nasal patency. These are expensive not very practical tests, except for IPNF, which is a fast, simple and low cost method. OBJECTIVE: To assess IPNF in healthy individuals complaining of nose obstruction caused by allergic rhinitis. METHOD: IPNF use in 78 individuals with and without rhinitis symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: Contemporary cross-sectional cohort. RESULTS: IPNF showed significant results for nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, pruritus, sneezes and tearing (p < 0. 001). There was no correlation between the presence of nasal septum deviation and IPNF (p = 0. 561). We found a positive correlation between IPNF and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for nasal obstruction (p = 0. 002). In the multiple linear regression model, there was a statistical significance between the values found in IPNF with allergic rhinitis and age (p = 0. 005 and p = 0. 023 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: IPNF proved to be a reliable method to detect changes in nasal patency, by obstructive causes as well as inflammatory causes, with an acceptable level of statistical significance, simple, easy to handle, inexpensive and reproducible.


A rinometria acústica, rinomanometria e o peak flow nasal inspiratório (PFNI) são utilizados para a avaliação objetiva da patência nasal. Estes exames são dispendiosos e pouco práticos, exceto o PFNI, que se apresenta como um método rápido, de baixo custo e simples. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o PFNI em indivíduos saudáveis e com queixas nasais obstrutivas por rinite alérgica. MéTODO: Aplicação do PFNI em 78 sujeitos com e sem sintomas de rinite. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Estudo de coorte contemporâneo com corte transversal. RESULTADOS: O PFNI mostrou resultados significantes para obstrução nasal, rinorreia, prurido, espirros e lacrimejamento (p < 0,001). Não houve correlação entre a presença de desvio de septo nasal e PFNI (p = 0,561). Encontrou-se uma correlação positiva entre PFNI e Escala Visual Analógica - EAV- para obstrução nasal (p = 0,002). No modelo de regressão linear múltipla, houve significância estatística entre os valores encontrados no PFNI com rinite alérgica e idade (p = 0,005 e p = 0,023 respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: O PFNI mostrou ser um método confiável para detecção das alterações da patência nasal, tanto por causas obstrutivas quanto por causas inflamatórias, com um nível de significância estatística aceitável, simples, fácil de manusear, pouco dispendioso e reprodutível.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Airway Resistance/physiology , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Nasal Cavity/physiopathology , Nasal Obstruction/physiopathology , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/complications , Case-Control Studies , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Nasal Obstruction/diagnosis , Nasal Obstruction/etiology
11.
Arq. int. otorrinolaringol. (Impr.) ; 15(2): 156-162, abr.-jun. 2011. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-594660

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A medida do pico de fluxo nasal inspiratório (PFNI) é obtida de forma simples e rápida, mas pouco difundida no Brasil. Por sua vez, a escala visual analógica (EVA) para obstrução nasal é uma medida subjetiva que também pode ser utilizada. Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação entre o PFNI com a EVA para obstrução nasal, antes e após uma mudança da patência nasal, proporcionada pela vasoconstricção tópica. Desenho do estudo: estudo clínico e experimental não randomizado. Método: 60 indivíduos voluntários incluindo pacientes, médicos, enfermeiros e auxiliares administrativos da instituição foram submetidos aos exames de PFNI e EVA antes e após a vasoconstrição nasal com cloridrato de oximetazolina a 0,05%. Resultados: O valor médio encontrado para EVA pré vasoconstricção foi de 4,1 e 2 após a vasoconstrição. Isto representou uma variação de 44% entre as medidas. Em relação aos valores do PFNI, a média encontrada na mensuração pré vasoconstricção foi de 151 l/mim e de 178 l/mim após a vasoconstricção, apresentando um acréscimo de 20%. No momento pré vasoconstrictor, o aumento de um ponto no valor médio da EVA, corresponde a um decréscimo de 3,8% no valor médio do PFNI. No pós, cada incremento de um ponto no valor médio da EVA, corresponde a um decréscimo de 4,5% no valor médio de PFNI. Conclusão: Houve uma correlação importante entre a medida objetiva da obstrução nasal através do PFNI com a mensuração subjetiva proporcionada pela EVA antes da vasoconstricção nasal. Semelhante correlação também pôde ser observada após o uso do vasoconstrictor.


Introduction: The measurement of the peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) is easily and swiftly obtained, but hardly spread in Brazil though. On the other hand, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for nasal obstruction is a subjective measurement that can also be used. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between PNIF and VAS for nasal obstruction before and after occurring a change in the nasal patency caused by the topic vasoconstriction. Study outline: Non-randomized clinical and experimental study. Method: 60 volunteers, including patients, doctors, nurses and administrative assistants of the institution were submitted to PNIF and VAS examinations before and after the nasal vasoconstriction with oxymetazoline chloride at 0.05%. Results: The average value found for pre-vasoconstriction VAS was 4.1 and, for post-vasoconstriction, it was 2. This represented a 44% range between the measurements. With regard to PNIF values, the average found when measuring the vasoconstriction was 151 l/min and 178 l/min after vasoconstriction, showing a 20% increase. At the pre-vasoconstrictor moment, increasing a point in average VAS value corresponds to a 3.8% decrease in average PNIF value. In the post-vasoconstriction, each increase of a point in average VAS value corresponds to a 4.5% decrease in average PNIF value. Conclusion: There was an important correlation between the objective measurement of the nasal obstruction through PNIF and the subjective measurement provided by VAS before nasal vasoconstriction. A similar correlation could also be observed after using the decongestant.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Nasal Cavity/physiopathology , Nasal Decongestants/therapeutic use , Nasal Obstruction/pathology , Nasal Obstruction/therapy , Breath Tests
12.
J. bras. med ; 97(1): 12-15, jul.-ago. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-541976

ABSTRACT

O sintoma obstrução nasal é queixa nos consultórios de otorrinolaringologistas e em pronto atendimento, acometendo indivíduos de todas as idades, de neonatos até idosos. O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma breve avaliação crítica do diagnóstico de obstrução nasal. A anamnese minuciosa e a rinoscopia anterior podem ser suficientes para o diagnóstico em grande parte dos casos. A nasofibroscoia e a tomografia computadorizada, correlacionadas ao quadro clínico, podem nos auxiliar no diagnóstico, e assim orientar de forma segura e eficiente o tratamento do paciente.


It's frequent at otolaryngology clinic and hospitals people of all ages complain about nasal congestion looking for medical treatment. This work aimed is to realize a short critical evaluation of nasal congestion diagnosis. In majority of cases the history and the anterior rhinoscopy could be sufficient. The nasal endoscoy and the computed tomography could help the diagnosis, so the patient treatment can have a security and efficient conduct.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Nasal Obstruction/complications , Nasal Obstruction/diagnosis , Nasal Obstruction/etiology , Nasal Cavity/physiopathology , Nasal Cavity , Nasal Cavity , Diagnosis, Differential , Mouth Breathing , Tomography
13.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 69(2): 109-116, ago. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-554734

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La obstrucción nasal es un síntoma de difícil evaluación particularmente en pacientes candidatos a rinoseptoplastía. Existen diferentes métodos para valorarla, dentro de los cuales se encuentra la rinometría acústica, la cual entrega las áreas transversales y volúmenes nasales en función de la distancia desde las narinas. Objetivos: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue compararlos resultados de la rinometría acústica con los obtenidos por otros métodos de evaluación de la obstrucción nasal. Material y método: Se diseñó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo. Se evaluaron 26 fosas nasales correspondientes a 13 pacientes candidatos a rinoseptoplastía, mediante rinoscopía anterior, endoscopía nasal, rinomanometría y sensación subjetiva de obstrucción nasal referida por el paciente. Luego se comparó dicha evaluación con los datos obtenidos mediante la rinometría acústica. Resultados: Se obtuvo una buena asociación entre los valores entregados por la rinometría acústica y tanto la sensación subjetiva de obstrucción nasal referida por el paciente como la rinomanometría. Por otra parte, no hubo buena asociación entre la rinometría acústica y tanto la rinoscopía anterior como la endoscopía. Conclusiones: La rinometría acústica es una herramienta útil para la evaluación de la obstrucción nasal de pacientes candidatos a rinoseptoplatía, sin embargo no reemplaza la correcta valoración clínica.


Introduction: Nasal obstruction is difficult to evaluate, particularly in candidates to rhinoseptoplasty. One of the methods available to assess nasal obstruction is acoustic rhinometry, which yields an estimate of nasal cross-sectional area and nasal volume as a function of distance from the nostrils. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare results from acoustic rhinometry to those obtained using other nasal obstruction evaluation methods. Alternative methods used were: Anterior rhinoscopy nasal endoscopy rhinomanometry, and subjective sensation of nasal obstruction as reported by the patient. Material and method: A prospective, descriptive study design was used, evaluating a total of 26 patients. Results: A good association was found between the values produced by acoustic rhinometry and those obtained by rhinomanometry and the subjective sensation of nasal obstruction reported by patients. On the other hand, the association between acoustic rhinometry and both anterior rhinoscopy and nasal endoscopy was weak. Conclusion: Acoustic rhinometry is an useful tool for assessing nasal obstruction in rhinoseptoplasty patients. However, it does not surpass a good clinical evaluation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Preoperative Care/methods , Nasal Obstruction/surgery , Nasal Obstruction/physiopathology , Rhinomanometry/methods , Rhinometry, Acoustic/methods , Nasal Cavity/physiopathology , Prospective Studies , Rhinoplasty/methods , Patient Satisfaction
14.
Arq. int. otorrinolaringol. (Impr.) ; 13(2)abr.-jun. 2009. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-533140

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A amiloidose é uma doença benigna de depósito podendo ser sistêmica ou localizada. É rara quando localizada em cabeça e pescoço. Objetivo: Apresentar o caso de um paciente com amiloidose nasal localizada e discutir sua apresentação. Relato do Caso: Paciente masculino branco de 46 anos de idade com rinorreia, plenitude aural e epistaxes de repetição cujo diagnóstico de amiloidose foi realizado através de biópsia da lesão nasal. Os achados clínicos e radiológicos, bem como o manejo da doença primária são discutidos. Comentários Finais: Na ausência de doença sistêmica, a amiloidose nasal deve ser tratada de forma conservadora.


Introduction: The amyloidosis is a benign deposit disease and may be systemic or localized. It's uncommon when localized in the head and neck. Objective: To present the case of a patient with localized nasopharyngeal amyloidosis and discuss its presentation. Case Report: Male, white, 46-year-old patient with rhinorrhea, aural plenitude and recurrent epistaxis whose amyloidosis diagnosis was carried out through nasal lesion biopsy. The clinical and radiological findings, as well as the primary disease management are discussed. Final Comments: In the absence of a systemic disease, the nasal amyloidosis must be treated in a conservative manner.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Amyloidosis/diagnosis , Nasal Cavity/physiopathology , Paranasal Sinuses/physiopathology
17.
Radiol. bras ; 39(5): 367-372, set.-out. 2006. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-446731

ABSTRACT

Este estudo propõe-se a avaliar o complexo nasossinusal, a fim de identificar os principais achados e determinar as doenças desta área. A análise precisa da extensão local e disseminação tumoral, dada pela tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética, desempenha papel importante no planejamento terapêutico, influenciando também o prognóstico.


The aim of this study is to evaluate the sinonasal complex to identify the main findings and to determine the diseases in this area. An accurate analysis of the local extent and tumoral dissemination through computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging plays a significant role in the therapeutic planning, also affecting the prognosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Nasal Cavity/anatomy & histology , Diagnostic Imaging , Nasal Cavity , Paranasal Sinuses/anatomy & histology , Nasal Cavity/physiopathology , Nasal Cavity , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Paranasal Sinuses/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
18.
Pró-fono ; 17(2): 259-262, maio-ago. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-424189

ABSTRACT

TEMA: a avaliação perceptivo-auditiva da função velofaríngea apresenta limitações em função de sua subjetividade. OBJETIVO: propor um método de classificação baseado nos escores atribuídos à hipernasalidade, emissão de ar nasal e distúrbios articulatórios compensatórios. CONCLUSÃO: o uso do método traz inúmeras vantagens em termos de documentação clínica e de pesquisa e para acompanhamento de resultados terapêutico-cirúrgicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Nasal Cavity/physiopathology , Pharynx/physiopathology , Speech Disorders/physiopathology , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/physiopathology , Articulation Disorders/physiopathology , Cleft Lip/physiopathology , Cleft Palate/physiopathology , Palate, Soft/physiopathology , Velopharyngeal Insufficiency/classification
20.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 57(3): 189-93, dic. 1997. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-229038

ABSTRACT

Un sistema estandarizado con sensor térmico es utilizado para medir el cambio relativo de velocidad del flujo de aire expirado por la nariz. Se utilizan parámetros dependientes de las variaciones térmicas (T), en función del tiempo (t) para medir la permeabilidad nasal. Se expresa en ecuación de tipo exponencial en que la variación térmica T = To EXP (- tl CR). Estos índices (temperatura máxima inicial (TO) constante de tiempo (CR)) se estudian en 200 pacientes agrupados (N = 50) en: normales con CR promedio y error estándar 1.1 +/- 0.020; un grupo con alteraciones estructurales de tejidos duros (traumáticos) con una constante de tiempo promedio (TM) 1.6 +/- 0.039; un grupo con alteraciones funcionales de tejidos blandos retráctiles (rinosinusitis alérgicas, no alérgicas) con TM 1.48 +/- 0.095; y un grupo mixto con hipertrofia adenoidea con TM 1.55 +/- 0.05. Estos últimos valores son significativamente diferentes del grupo normal (P< 0.01). Los índices son modificados o no con el uso de vaso constrictores. El método es fácil de usar y bien tolerado, especialmente por niños. No deforma la vía nasal. Sirve para el seguimiento de los pacientes al usar medicamentos o tratamientos quirúrgicos


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Physiological Phenomena , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology , Nasal Cavity/physiology , Nasal Cavity/physiopathology
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